c++游戏入门基础
1、windows.h
1.1、SetConsoleTextAttribute//设置控制台文本颜色
1 void color(int a)//颜色函数
2 {
3 SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),a); //设置控制台颜色
4 }
附上各种颜色代码对应的数字：
#include<iostream>
#include<windows.h>
using namespace std;
void color(int a)
{
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),a);
}
int main()
{
for(int i=0;i<=16;i++)
{
cout<<”数字 :”<<i<<” 的颜色是”<<std::endl;
color(i);
//cout<<”颜色”<<std::endl;
}
system(“pause”);
}
运行截图：
1.2、SetConsoleCursorPosition //设置光标位置
1 void Pos(int x,int y)//位置函数
2 {
3 COORD pos;
4 pos.X=2*x;
5 pos.Y=y;
6 SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),pos); //设置光标位置
7 }
1.3、俄罗斯方块
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#define CELL 20
#define ROWS 30
#define COLS 25
//升级所需分数值
#define SCORE_LEVEL_INC 80
#define ID_TIMER 1
/////////////////全局变量/////////////////////////////
HWND hwnd; //保存窗口句柄
int score=0; //分数
int level=0; //级数
int interval_unit=25; //随级数递增的时间间隔增量
int interval_base=300; //时间间隔基量
int old_interval; //保存当前的时间间隔，用于加速操作
int cur_left,cur_top; //记录方块当前的位置
int width_block,height_block; //方块的宽带和高度
bool isPause=false; //暂停标识
UINT timer_id=0; //保存计时器ID
static byte *block=NULL; //方块，方块为随机大小，采用动态分配内存方式，所以这里是指针变量
byte g_panel[ROWS][COLS]={0};
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc ( HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM );
void DrawPanel ( HDC hdc ); //绘制表格
void RefreshPanel ( HDC hdc ); //刷新面板
void DoDownShift ( HDC hdc ); //下移
void DoLeftShift ( HDC hdc ); //左移
void DoRightShift ( HDC hdc ); //右移
void DoAccelerate ( HDC hdc ); //加速
void DoRedirection ( HDC hdc ); //改变方向
void ClearRow ( HDC hdc ); //消行
bool ExportBlock(); //输出方块，
//该函数会直接修改全局变量block,width_block,height_block,
//cur_left和cur_top
bool IsTouchBottom ( HDC hdc ); //判断是否到达底部
void color(int a)
{
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),a);
}
int main()
{
HINSTANCE hInstance=GetModuleHandle ( NULL );
TCHAR szAppName[]=TEXT ( “teris” );
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wc;
wc.style=CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
wc.lpfnWndProc=WndProc;
wc.cbClsExtra=0;
wc.cbWndExtra=0;
wc.hInstance=hInstance;
wc.hIcon=LoadIcon ( NULL,IDI_APPLICATION );
wc.hCursor=LoadCursor ( NULL,IDC_ARROW );
wc.hbrBackground= ( HBRUSH ) GetStockObject ( WHITE_BRUSH );
wc.lpszMenuName=NULL;
wc.lpszClassName=szAppName;
if ( !RegisterClass ( &wc ) )
{
printf ( “RegisterClass occur errors!” );
return 0;
}
hwnd=CreateWindow ( szAppName,TEXT ( “——– 俄罗斯方块 ——–” ),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
0,0,0,0,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL );
ShowWindow ( hwnd,SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow ( hwnd );
while ( GetMessage ( &msg,NULL,0,0 ) )
{
TranslateMessage ( &msg );
DispatchMessage ( &msg );
}
return msg.wParam;
}
void DrawPanel ( HDC hdc ) //绘制游戏面板
{
color(13);
int x,y;
RECT rect;
for ( y=0; y<ROWS; y++ )
{
for ( x=0; x<COLS; x++ )
{
//计算方块的边框范围
rect.top=y*CELL+1;
rect.bottom= ( y+1 ) *CELL-1;
rect.left=x*CELL+1;
rect.right= ( x+1 ) *CELL-1;
FrameRect ( hdc,&rect, ( HBRUSH ) GetStockObject ( BLACK_BRUSH ) );
}
}
}
void DoDownShift ( HDC hdc ) //下移
{
if ( NULL==block ) return;
//判断是否到达底部
if ( IsTouchBottom ( hdc ) ) //到底部
{
//消行处理
ClearRow ( hdc );
ExportBlock(); //输出下一个方块
}
cur_top++;
RefreshPanel ( hdc );
}
void DoLeftShift ( HDC hdc ) //左移
{
int x,y;
if ( NULL==block ) return;
if ( 0==cur_left ) return;
if ( cur_top<0 ) return; //方块没有完整显示前，不能左移
for ( y=0; y<height_block; y++ )
{
for ( x=0; x<width_block; x++ ) //从左边开始扫描，获取该行最左边的实心方格块
{
if ( * ( block+y*width_block+x ) )
{
//判断当前方格在面板上面左边一个方格是否为实心，是就代表不能再左移
if ( g_panel[cur_top+y][cur_left+x-1] ) return;
break; //只判断最左边的一个实心方格，之后直接扫描下一行
}
}
}
cur_left–;
RefreshPanel ( hdc );
}
void DoRightShift ( HDC hdc ) //右移
{
int x,y;
if ( NULL==block ) return;
if ( COLS-width_block==cur_left ) return;
if ( cur_top<0 ) return; //方块完整显示前不能右移
for ( y=0; y<height_block; y++ )
{
for ( x=width_block-1; x>=0; x– ) //从右边开始扫描，获取该行最右边的实心方格块
{
if ( * ( block+y*width_block+x ) )
{
//判断当前方格在面板上右边一个方格是否为实心，是就代表不能再右移
if ( g_panel[cur_top+y][cur_left+x+1] ) return;
break; //只判断最右边的一个实心方格
}
}
}
cur_left++;
RefreshPanel ( hdc );
}
void DoRedirection ( HDC hdc ) //改变方向
{
int i,j;
byte * temp=NULL;
if ( NULL==block ) return;
if ( cur_top<0 ) return; //方块完整显示前不能转向
temp= ( byte * ) malloc ( sizeof ( byte ) *width_block*height_block );
for ( i=0; i<width_block; i++ )
{
for ( j=0; j<height_block; j++ )
{
//temp[i][j]=block[height_block-j-1][i];
* ( temp+i*height_block+j ) =* ( block+ ( height_block-j-1 ) *width_block+i );
}
}
//给方块重新定位
int incHeight=width_block-height_block;
int incWidth=height_block-width_block;
int temp_cur_top=cur_top-incHeight/2;
int temp_cur_left=cur_left-incWidth/2;
//system(“cls”);
//printf(“temp_top=%d, temp_left=%d”,temp_cur_top,temp_cur_left);
//判断当前空间是否足够让方块改变方向
int max_len=max ( width_block,height_block );
//防止下标访问越界
if ( temp_cur_top+max_len-1>=ROWS||temp_cur_left<0||temp_cur_left+max_len-1>=COLS )
{
free ( temp ); //退出前必须先释放内存
return;
}
for ( i=0; i<max_len; i++ )
{
for ( j=0; j<max_len; j++ )
{
//转向所需的空间内有已被占用的实心方格存在，即转向失败
if ( g_panel[temp_cur_top+i][temp_cur_left+j] )
{
free ( temp ); //退出前必须先释放内存
return;
}
}
}
//把临时变量的值赋给block，只能赋值，而不能赋指针值
for ( i=0; i<height_block; i++ )
{
for ( j=0; j<width_block; j++ )
{
//block[i][j]=temp[i][j];
* ( block+i*width_block+j ) =* ( temp+i*width_block+j );
}
}
//全局变量重新被赋值
cur_top=temp_cur_top;
cur_left=temp_cur_left;
//交换
i=width_block;
width_block=height_block;
height_block=i;
free ( temp ); //释放为临时变量分配的内存
RefreshPanel ( hdc );
}
void DoAccelerate ( HDC hdc ) //加速
{
if ( NULL==block ) return;
if ( IsTouchBottom ( hdc ) )
{
//消行处理
ClearRow ( hdc );
ExportBlock();
}
cur_top++;
RefreshPanel ( hdc );
}
bool IsTouchBottom ( HDC hdc )
{
int x,y;
int i,j;
if ( NULL==block ) return false;
if ( ROWS==cur_top+height_block )
{
//固定方块
for ( i=0; i<height_block; i++ )
{
for ( j=0; j<width_block; j++ )
{
if ( * ( block+i*width_block+j ) ) g_panel[cur_top+i][cur_left+j]=1;
}
}
return true;
}
for ( y=height_block-1; y>=0; y– ) //从底行开始扫描
{
//判断第一个实心方块在面板上邻接的下方方格是否为实心，是就代表已经到达底部
for ( x=0; x<width_block; x++ )
{
if ( * ( block+y*width_block+x ) )
{
if ( cur_top+y+1<0 ) return false;
if ( g_panel[cur_top+y+1][cur_left+x] )
{
//判断是否gameover
if ( cur_top<=0 )
{
if ( timer_id )
{
KillTimer ( hwnd,ID_TIMER );
timer_id=0;
}
MessageBox ( hwnd,TEXT ( “游戏结束” ),TEXT ( “游戏到此结束！” ),MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION );
SendMessage ( hwnd,WM_CLOSE,0,0 );
}
//
//固定方块
for ( i=0; i<height_block; i++ )
{
for ( j=0; j<width_block; j++ )
{
if ( * ( block+i*width_block+j ) ) g_panel[cur_top+i][cur_left+j]=1;
}
}
return true;
}
}
}
}
return false;
}
void ClearRow ( HDC hdc ) //消行
{
int i,j,k;
int count=0; //消行次数
bool isFilled;
//消行处理
for ( i=ROWS-1; i>=0; i– )
{
isFilled=true;
for ( j=0; j<COLS; j++ )
{
if ( !g_panel[i][j] )
{
isFilled=false;
break;
}
}
if ( isFilled )
{
for ( j=0; j<COLS; j++ )
{
g_panel[i][j]=0;
}
//所有方块往下移
for ( k=i-1; k>=0; k– )
{
for ( j=0; j<COLS; j++ )
{
g_panel[k+1][j]=g_panel[k][j];
}
}
i=i+1;
count++;
}
}
//最高级别为9级，所以分数极限为(9+1)*SCORE_LEVEL_INC-1
if ( score>=10*SCORE_LEVEL_INC-1 ) return;
//加分规则：消除行数，1行加10分，2行加15分,3行加20分,4行加30分
switch ( count )
{
case 1:
score+=10;
break;
case 2:
score+=15;
break;
case 3:
score+=20;
break;
case 4:
score+=30;
break;
}
int temp_level=score/SCORE_LEVEL_INC;
if ( temp_level>level )
{
level=temp_level;
//撤销当前计时器，然后重设
if ( timer_id ) KillTimer ( hwnd,ID_TIMER );
timer_id=SetTimer ( hwnd,ID_TIMER,interval_base-level*interval_unit,NULL );
}
system ( “cls” );
printf ( “score: %d, level: %d “,score,level );
}
void RefreshPanel ( HDC hdc ) //刷新面板
{
int x,y;
RECT rect;
HBRUSH h_bSolid= ( HBRUSH ) GetStockObject ( GRAY_BRUSH ),
h_bEmpty= ( HBRUSH ) GetStockObject ( WHITE_BRUSH );
if ( NULL==block ) return;
//先刷屏
for ( y=0; y<ROWS; y++ )
{
for ( x=0; x<COLS; x++ )
{
//为避免刷掉方块的边框，rect范围必须比边框范围小1
rect.top=y*CELL+2;
rect.bottom= ( y+1 ) *CELL-2;
rect.left=x*CELL+2;
rect.right= ( x+1 ) *CELL-2;
if ( g_panel[y][x] )
FillRect ( hdc,&rect,h_bSolid );
else
FillRect ( hdc,&rect,h_bEmpty );
}
}
//再定位方块
for ( y=0; y<height_block; y++ )
{
for ( x=0; x<width_block; x++ )
{
if ( * ( block+y*width_block+x ) ) //实心
{
rect.top= ( y+cur_top ) *CELL+2;
rect.bottom= ( y+cur_top+1 ) *CELL-2;
rect.left= ( x+cur_left ) *CELL+2;
rect.right= ( x+cur_left+1 ) *CELL-2;
FillRect ( hdc,&rect,h_bSolid );
}
}
}
}
bool ExportBlock() //输出方块
{
int sel;
color(12);
if ( block )
{
free ( block ); //释放之前分配的内存
block=NULL;
}
sel=rand() %7;
switch ( sel )
{
case 0: //水平条
width_block=4;
height_block=1;
block= ( byte * ) malloc ( sizeof ( byte ) *width_block*height_block );
* ( block+0 ) =1; //可以理解为*(block+0*width_block+0)=1，即第一行的第一个方格，下面同理
* ( block+1 ) =1; //*(block+0*width_block+1)=1
* ( block+2 ) =1; //*(block+0*width_block+2)=1
* ( block+3 ) =1; //*(block+0*width_block+3)=1
cur_top=0-height_block;
cur_left= ( COLS-width_block ) /2;
break;
case 1: //三角
color(13);
width_block=3;
height_block=2;
block= ( byte * ) malloc ( sizeof ( byte ) *width_block*height_block );
* ( block+0 ) =0; //可以理解为*(block+0*width_block+0)=0，即第一行的第一个方格，下面同理
* ( block+1 ) =1; //*(block+0*width_block+1)=1
* ( block+2 ) =0; //*(block+0*width_block+2)=0
* ( block+3 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+0)=1，第二行开始
* ( block+4 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+1)=1
* ( block+5 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+2)=1
cur_top=0-height_block;
cur_left= ( COLS-width_block ) /2;
break;
case 2: //左横折
color(10);
width_block=3;
height_block=2;
block= ( byte * ) malloc ( sizeof ( byte ) *width_block*height_block );
* ( block+0 ) =1; //可以理解为*(block+0*width_block+0)=1，下面同理
* ( block+1 ) =0; //*(block+0*width_block+1)=0
* ( block+2 ) =0; //*(block+0*width_block+2)=0
* ( block+3 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+0)=1
* ( block+4 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+1)=1
* ( block+5 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+2)=1
cur_top=0-height_block;
cur_left= ( COLS-width_block ) /2;
break;
case 3: //右横折
color(9);
width_block=3;
height_block=2;
block= ( byte * ) malloc ( sizeof ( byte ) *width_block*height_block );
* ( block+0 ) =0; //可以理解为*(block+0*width_block+0)=0，下面同理
* ( block+1 ) =0; //*(block+0*width_block+1)=0
* ( block+2 ) =1; //*(block+0*width_block+2)=1
* ( block+3 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+0)=1
* ( block+4 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+1)=1
* ( block+5 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+2)=1
cur_top=0-height_block;
cur_left= ( COLS-width_block ) /2;
break;
case 4: //左闪电
color(9);
width_block=3;
height_block=2;
block= ( byte * ) malloc ( sizeof ( byte ) *width_block*height_block );
* ( block+0 ) =1; //可以理解为*(block+0*width_block+0)=1，下面同理
* ( block+1 ) =1; //*(block+0*width_block+1)=1
* ( block+2 ) =0; //*(block+0*width_block+2)=0
* ( block+3 ) =0; //*(block+1*width_block+0)=0
* ( block+4 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+1)=1
* ( block+5 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+2)=1
cur_top=0-height_block;
cur_left= ( COLS-width_block ) /2;
break;
case 5: //右闪电
color(8);
width_block=3;
height_block=2;
block= ( byte * ) malloc ( sizeof ( byte ) *width_block*height_block );
* ( block+0 ) =0; //可以理解为*(block+0*width_block+0)=0，下面同理
* ( block+1 ) =1; //*(block+0*width_block+1)=1
* ( block+2 ) =1; //*(block+0*width_block+2)=1
* ( block+3 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+0)=1
* ( block+4 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+1)=1
* ( block+5 ) =0; //*(block+1*width_block+2)=0
cur_top=0-height_block;
cur_left= ( COLS-width_block ) /2;
break;
case 6: //石头
color(13);
width_block=2;
height_block=2;
block= ( byte * ) malloc ( sizeof ( byte ) *width_block*height_block );
* ( block+0 ) =1; //可以理解为*(block+0*width_block+0)=1，下面同理
* ( block+1 ) =1; //*(block+0*width_block+1)=1
* ( block+2 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+0)=1
* ( block+3 ) =1; //*(block+1*width_block+1)=1
cur_top=0-height_block;
cur_left= ( COLS-width_block ) /2;
break;
}
return block!=NULL;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc ( HWND hwnd,UINT message,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam )
{
HDC hdc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
//TCHAR szBuffer[1024];
switch ( message )
{
case WM_CREATE:
MoveWindow ( hwnd,400,10,CELL*COLS+8,CELL*ROWS+32,FALSE ); //补齐宽度和高度
srand ( time ( NULL ) );
ExportBlock();
timer_id=SetTimer ( hwnd,ID_TIMER,interval_base-level*interval_unit,NULL );
return 0;
case WM_TIMER:
hdc=GetDC ( hwnd );
DoDownShift ( hdc );
ReleaseDC ( hwnd,hdc );
return 0;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
hdc=GetDC ( hwnd );
switch ( wParam )
{
case VK_LEFT: //左移
if ( !isPause ) DoLeftShift ( hdc );
break;
case VK_RIGHT: //右移
if ( !isPause ) DoRightShift ( hdc );
break;
case VK_UP: //转向
if ( !isPause ) DoRedirection ( hdc );
break;
case VK_DOWN: //加速
if ( !isPause ) DoAccelerate ( hdc );
break;
case VK_SPACE: //暂停
isPause=!isPause;
if ( isPause )
{
if ( timer_id ) KillTimer ( hwnd,ID_TIMER );
timer_id=0;
}
else
{
timer_id=SetTimer ( hwnd,ID_TIMER,interval_base-level*interval_unit,FALSE );
}
break;
}
ReleaseDC ( hwnd,hdc );
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc=BeginPaint ( hwnd,&ps );
DrawPanel ( hdc ); //绘制面板
RefreshPanel ( hdc ); //刷新
EndPaint ( hwnd,&ps );
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
if ( block ) free ( block );
if ( timer_id ) KillTimer ( hwnd,ID_TIMER );
PostQuitMessage ( 0 );
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc ( hwnd,message,wParam,lParam );
}
