FreeBSD配置防火墙开启SSH服务方法



1、配置FreeBSD 防火墙
ee /etc/rc.conf   #编辑,在最后添加
firewall_enable=”yes”  #开启防火墙
net.inet.ip.fw.verbose=1   #启用防火墙日志功能
net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit=5  #启用防火墙日志功能
natd_enable=”YES”  # 开启防火墙NAT功能
natd_interface=”rl0″
natd_flags=”-dynamic -m”
firewall_script=”/etc/ipfw.rules”      #自定义防火墙规则路径
按esc,回车,再按a保存配置
2、添加防火墙规则

ee /etc/ipfw.rules    #编辑防火墙规则,添加以下代码

1 #!/bin/sh
2 ################ Start of IPFW rules file ######################
3 Flush out the list before we begin.
4 ipfw -q -f flush
5
6 # Set rules command prefix
7 cmd="ipfw -q add"
8 skip="skipto 800"
9 pif="rl0"     public interface name of NIC
10               # facing the public Internet
11
12 #################################################################
13 # No restrictions on Inside LAN Interface for private network
14 # Change xl0 to your LAN NIC interface name
15 #################################################################
16 $cmd 005 allow all from any to any via xl0
17
18 #################################################################
19 # No restrictions on Loopback Interface
20 #################################################################
21 $cmd 010 allow all from any to any via lo0
22
23 #################################################################
24 # check if packet is inbound and nat address if it is
25 #################################################################
26 $cmd 014 divert natd ip from any to any in via $pif
27
28 #################################################################
29 # Allow the packet through if it has previous been added to the
30 # the "dynamic" rules table by a allow keep-state statement.
31 #################################################################
32 $cmd 015 check-state
33
34 #################################################################
35 # Interface facing Public Internet (Outbound Section)
36 # Check session start requests originating from behind the
37 # firewall on the private network or from this gateway server
38 # destined for the public Internet.
39 #################################################################
40
41 # Allow out access to my ISP's Domain name server.
42 # x.x.x.x must be the IP address of your ISP's DNS
43 # Dup these lines if your ISP has more than one DNS server
44 # Get the IP addresses from /etc/resolv.conf file
45 $cmd 020 $skip tcp from any to x.x.x.x 53 out via $pif setup keep-state
46 # Allow out access to my ISP's DHCP server for cable/DSL configurations.
47 $cmd 030 $skip udp from any to x.x.x.x 67 out via $pif keep-state
48
49 # Allow out non-secure standard www function
50 $cmd 040 $skip tcp from any to any 80 out via $pif setup keep-state
51
52 # Allow out secure www function https over TLS SSL
53 $cmd 050 $skip tcp from any to any 443 out via $pif setup keep-state
54
55 # Allow out send & get email function
56 $cmd 060 $skip tcp from any to any 25 out via $pif setup keep-state
57 $cmd 061 $skip tcp from any to any 110 out via $pif setup keep-state
58
59 # Allow out FreeBSD (make install & CVSUP) functions
60 # Basically give user root "GOD" privileges.
61 $cmd 070 $skip tcp from me to any out via $pif setup keep-state uid root
62
63 # Allow out ping
64 $cmd 080 $skip icmp from any to any out via $pif keep-state
65
66 # Allow out Time
67 $cmd 090 $skip tcp from any to any 37 out via $pif setup keep-state
68
69 # Allow out nntp news (i.e. news groups)
70 $cmd 100 $skip tcp from any to any 119 out via $pif setup keep-state
71
72 # Allow out secure FTP, Telnet, and SCP
73 # This function is using SSH (secure shell)
74 $cmd 110 $skip tcp from any to any 22 out via $pif setup keep-state
75
76 # Allow out whois
77 $cmd 120 $skip tcp from any to any 43 out via $pif setup keep-state
78
79 # Allow ntp time server
80 $cmd 130 $skip udp from any to any 123 out via $pif keep-state
81
82 #################################################################
83 # Interface facing Public Internet (Inbound Section)
84 # Check packets originating from the public Internet
85 # destined for this gateway server or the private network.
86 #################################################################
87
88 # Deny all inbound traffic from non-routable reserved address spaces
89 #$cmd 300 deny all from 192.168.0.0/16  to any in via $pif  #RFC 1918 private IP
90 $cmd 301 deny all from 172.16.0.0/12   to any in via $pif  #RFC 1918 private IP
91 $cmd 302 deny all from 10.0.0.0/8      to any in via $pif  #RFC 1918 private IP
92 $cmd 303 deny all from 127.0.0.0/8     to any in via $pif  #loopback
93 $cmd 304 deny all from 0.0.0.0/8       to any in via $pif  #loopback
94 $cmd 305 deny all from 169.254.0.0/16  to any in via $pif  #DHCP auto-config
95 $cmd 306 deny all from 192.0.2.0/24    to any in via $pif  #reserved for docs
96 $cmd 307 deny all from 204.152.64.0/23 to any in via $pif  #Sun cluster
97 $cmd 308 deny all from 224.0.0.0/3     to any in via $pif  #Class D & E multicast
98
99 # Deny ident
100 $cmd 315 deny tcp from any to any 113 in via $pif
101
102 # Deny all Netbios service. 137=name, 138=datagram, 139=session
103 # Netbios is MS/Windows sharing services.
104 # Block MS/Windows hosts2 name server requests 81
105 $cmd 320 deny tcp from any to any 137 in via $pif
106 $cmd 321 deny tcp from any to any 138 in via $pif
107 $cmd 322 deny tcp from any to any 139 in via $pif
108 $cmd 323 deny tcp from any to any 81  in via $pif
109
110 # Deny any late arriving packets
111 $cmd 330 deny all from any to any frag in via $pif
112
113 # Deny ACK packets that did not match the dynamic rule table
114 $cmd 332 deny tcp from any to any established in via $pif
115
116 # Allow traffic in from ISP's DHCP server. This rule must contain
117 # the IP address of your ISP's DHCP server as it's the only
118 # authorized source to send this packet type.
119 # Only necessary for cable or DSL configurations.
120 # This rule is not needed for 'user ppp' type connection to
121 # the public Internet. This is the same IP address you captured
122 and used in the outbound section.
123 $cmd 360 allow udp from x.x.x.x to any 68 in via $pif keep-state
124
125 # Allow in standard www function because I have Apache server
126 $cmd 370 allow tcp from any to me 80 in via $pif setup limit src-addr 2
127
128 # Allow in secure FTP, Telnet, and SCP from public Internet
129 $cmd 380 allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $pif setup limit src-addr 2
130
131 # Allow in non-secure Telnet session from public Internet
132 # labeled non-secure because ID & PW are passed over public
133 # Internet as clear text.
134 Delete this sample group if you do not have telnet server enabled.
135 $cmd 390 allow tcp from any to me 23 in via $pif setup limit src-addr 2
136
137 # Reject & Log all unauthorized incoming connections from the public Internet
138 $cmd 400 deny log all from any to any in via $pif
139
140 # Reject & Log all unauthorized out going connections to the public Internet
141 $cmd 450 deny log all from any to any out via $pif
142
143 # This is skipto location for outbound stateful rules
144 $cmd 800 divert natd ip from any to any out via $pif
145 $cmd 801 allow ip from any to any
146
147 # Everything else is denied by default
148 # deny and log all packets that fell through to see what they are
149 $cmd 999 deny log all from any to any
150 ################ End of IPFW rules file ###############################
151
152   

备注:参数说明:
#$cmd 300 deny all from 192.168.0.0/16  to any in via $pif  #RFC 1918 private IP
我的IP地址是192.168.21.173,是属于192.168.0.0/16 IP段,所以这里要注释掉这一行,允许连接外网,否则主机无法联网。
$cmd 380 allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $pif setup limit src-addr 2
是开启SSH默认端口22
3、重启网络服务,使防火墙规则生效

/etc/netstart  #重启网络
/etc/rc.d/ipfw start     #开启防火墙
ipfw disable firewall    #关闭防火墙
ipfw enable firewall   #开启防火墙
/etc/rc.d/ipfw  restart   #重启防火墙
sh /etc/ipfw.rules     #使防火墙规则生效
4、开启SSH服务
(1)ee  /etc/inetd.conf  #编辑,去掉sshd前面的#
ssh     stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/sshd          sshd -i -4
(2)ee  /etc/rc.conf   #编辑,在最后添加
sshd_enable=”yes”
(3)ee  /etc/ssh/sshd_config  #编辑配置文件
PermitRootLogin yes   #允许root登录
PasswordAuthentication yes    #使用密码验证
PermitEmptyPasswords no   #不允许空密码登录
/etc/rc.d/sshd start  #启动ssh服务
/etc/rc.d/sshd restart    #重启ssh
配置完成,现在已经可以使用Putty等远程连接工具连接服务器了。
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扩展阅读:

有两种加载自定义 ipfw 防火墙规则的方法。
其一是将变量 firewall_type 设为包含不带 ipfw(8) 命令行选项的 防火墙规则 文件的完整路径。
例如:
add allow in
add allow out
firewall_type=”open”参数说明
open ── 允许所有流量通过。
client ── 只保护本机。
simple ── 保护整个网络。
closed ── 完全禁止除回环设备之外的全部 IP 流量。
UNKNOWN ── 禁止加载防火墙规则。
filename ── 到防火墙规则文件的绝对路径。
IPFW防火墙规则集样例在这两个文件中
/etc/rc.firewall
/etc/rc.firewall6
除此之外, 也可以将 firewall_script 变量设为包含 ipfw 命令的可执行脚本, 这样这个脚本会在启动时自动执行。
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